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Different Types of Car Chassis – What are they and their function
Automobiles are composed of various components that function together to move the vehicle. While some components are there to enhance performance others remain an integral part of the body structure. Speaking of essential components, the chassis is perhaps the most integral part of a vehicle. A vehicle simply wouldn’t function without this component. There are several different types of car chassis found on vehicles. That said, we will go through the different types to learn more about the classification of chassis.
What is a Car Chassis?
In simple words, the car chassis is the load-bearing component of the vehicle’s frame. It plays an important part in binding the other components onto the frame. Additionally, the set of mechanical components inside helps to transmit power from the drivetrain to the wheels.
Moreover, some major systems available in the chassis play an integral part in the working of a vehicle. For instance, drive, braking, steering and the suspension system. Some types are specific for high-end vehicles. Whereas, others can be seen on conventional or regular use production vehicles.
Often used interchangeably, there is a significant difference between chassis and frame that you should know. The frame is the main structure of a vehicle that supports the components and car body. It also supports and keeps the components in one place. On the other hand, the chassis is simply the weight-bearing part of the vehicle’s frame. Either way, both remain a major part of automobiles.
Types of Car Chassis
Car chassis have evolved significantly over the years. Vehicle buyers can now find various types available in different vehicles. Moreover, each type comes with its unique set of advantages. Let’s go through the main types in detail.
Ladder Frame
It is a robust vehicle structure containing two parallel longitudinal rails, resembling a ladder’s shape. One of the oldest frameworks, the structure accounts for excellent strength and support – making it ideal for SUVs and heavy vehicles.
Moreover, the heavy structure is able to withstand enormous weight. This framework can be found in many off-roading and trucks
Pros
- Comparatively easier to assemble as components can be easily fitted.
- The structure method makes this framework very tough and durable.
- Easy to repair as parts aren’t permanently attached.
Cons
- The framework isn’t ideal for cornering because of weak torsional rigidity.
- The extra weight of the framework makes it a bad choice for performance vehicles.
Backbone
It is also among the different types of car chassis available out there. The backbone framework is a simplified frame design that contains a single large central structure resembling the vertebrae. The design structure accounts for efficient load distribution.
Additionally, the simple design helps to reduce vehicle weight. The backbone framework remains a popular choice for performance and compact cars.
Pros
- The design allows better half axle and ground contact – making the framework ideal for off-roading.
- Framework covering the driveshaft decreases the chances of damage.
- The backbone framework has better torsional rigidity than the ladder frame.
Cons
- Driveshaft repairs can be complicated as the whole framework would need to be opened to access the driveshaft.
- The framework is relatively expensive to produce. Consequently, vehicles with this framework are more expensive.
Monocoque
Often referred to as unibody construction, a monocoque framework is a design that integrates the vehicle’s body and frame into a single structure. The advanced framework contributes to reduced weight and enhanced structural rigidity. Additionally, it helps to improve a vehicle’s fuel efficiency.
The monocoque framework is found in most modern cars. In addition to enhancing crash safety and handling, the framework maximizes interior space and enhances aerodynamics.
Pros
- The cage-like structure makes the framework safer than the other types.
- The simple structure design makes repair jobs easy.
- Monocoque has better torsional rigidity.than ladder and backbone frames.
Cons
- As the structure is unibody, it adds extra weight to the vehicle.
- Small-scale production of monocoque is not feasible. Therefore, the framework is not usually available for cars produced in small numbers.
Tubular
These are upgraded versions of the ladder framework. However, tubular frameworks are three-dimensional and more powerful than the ladder frame. Moreover, they use strong structures below the car doors – accounting for increased overall strength.
The tubular framework provides an unmatched level of safety. Therefore, these remain one of the most popular types of car chassis, mostly found in race cars.
Pros
- Offers the best rigidity compared to other frameworks.
- Best rigidity-to-weight ratio – allowing cars to be strong and lightweight at the same time.
- Viable options for race cars because of minimum weight and maximum rigidity.
Cons
- There are complex structures, therefore requiring more time and money to produce.
- These structures cannot be used on conventional vehicles.
- The design of the structure elevates the door making it hard to access the cabin.
These are all the types of car chassis available out there that have evolved significantly over the years. Different types of frameworks can be found on the various vehicles available in the market.
Best Type of Chassis
Wondering what is the best type of chassis? Monocoque can be the right choice because of its safety features and its availability in conventional vehicles. However, for racing cars, tubular can be the right option. This depends on the type of vehicle you are going for.